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<html>
<head>
<meta charset='UTF-8'><meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width initial-scale=1'>

<style type='text/css'>html {overflow-x: initial !important;}:root { --bg-color:#ffffff; --text-color:#333333; --select-text-bg-color:#B5D6FC; --select-text-font-color:auto; --monospace:"Lucida Console",Consolas,"Courier",monospace; --title-bar-height:20px; }
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iframe { margin: auto; }
a.url { word-break: break-all; }
a:active, a:hover { outline: 0px; }
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#write.first-line-indent li p, #write.first-line-indent p * { text-indent: 0px; }
#write.first-line-indent li { margin-left: 2em; }
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body.typora-export { padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 30px; }
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*, ::after, ::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
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h6 { font-size: 1rem; }
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a { cursor: pointer; }
sup.md-footnote { padding: 2px 4px; background-color: rgba(238, 238, 238, 0.7); color: rgb(85, 85, 85); border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; }
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#write input[type="checkbox"] { cursor: pointer; width: inherit; height: inherit; }
figure { overflow-x: auto; margin: 1.2em 0px; max-width: calc(100% + 16px); padding: 0px; }
figure > table { margin: 0px; }
tr { break-inside: avoid; break-after: auto; }
thead { display: table-header-group; }
table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; width: 100%; overflow: auto; break-inside: auto; text-align: left; }
table.md-table td { min-width: 32px; }
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a img, img a { cursor: pointer; }
pre.md-meta-block { font-size: 0.8rem; min-height: 0.8rem; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(204, 204, 204); display: block; overflow-x: hidden; }
p > .md-image:only-child:not(.md-img-error) img, p > img:only-child { display: block; margin: auto; }
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p > .md-image:only-child { display: inline-block; width: 100%; }
#write .MathJax_Display { margin: 0.8em 0px 0px; }
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.md-toc { min-height: 3.58rem; position: relative; font-size: 0.9rem; border-radius: 10px; }
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code, pre, samp, tt { font-family: var(--monospace); }
kbd { margin: 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; font-size: 0.8em; color: rgb(36, 39, 41); background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(173, 179, 185); border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: rgba(12, 13, 14, 0.2) 0px 1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 0px 2px inset; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: middle; }
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code { text-align: left; vertical-align: initial; }
a.md-print-anchor { white-space: pre !important; border-width: initial !important; border-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; display: inline-block !important; position: absolute !important; width: 1px !important; right: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; background: 0px 0px !important; text-decoration: initial !important; text-shadow: initial !important; }
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.md-diagram-panel > svg { max-width: 100%; }
[lang="flow"] svg, [lang="mermaid"] svg { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
[lang="mermaid"] .node text { font-size: 1rem; }
table tr th { border-bottom: 0px; }
video { max-width: 100%; display: block; margin: 0px auto; }
iframe { max-width: 100%; width: 100%; border: none; }
.highlight td, .highlight tr { border: 0px; }
mark { background: rgb(255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.md-html-inline .md-plain, .md-html-inline strong, mark .md-inline-math, mark strong { color: inherit; }
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html {
	font-size: 19px;
}

html, body {
	margin: auto;
	background: #fefefe;
	-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
body {
	font-family: "Vollkorn", Palatino, Times;
	color: #333;
	line-height: 1.4;
	text-align: justify;
}

#write {
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	margin-bottom: 2em;
	line-height: 1.53;
	padding-top: 40px;
}

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}

@media print {
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	}
}

/* Typography
-------------------------------------------------------- */

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h1 {
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}

h3 {
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}

h1, 
h2, 
h3{
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}

h2:after{
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pre {
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}

a {
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}
a:hover {
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}
a img {
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}
h1 a,
h1 a:hover {
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}
hr {
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}
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}
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table td {
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}
table th {
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}
table thead th {
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}
table caption+thead tr:first-child th,
table caption+thead tr:first-child td,
table colgroup+thead tr:first-child th,
table colgroup+thead tr:first-child td,
table thead:first-child tr:first-child th,
table thead:first-child tr:first-child td {
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}
table tbody+tbody {
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}

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	display: inline-block;
	width: 1.33333333rem;
  	height: 1.6rem;
	vertical-align: middle;
	text-align: center;
	color: #ddd;
	background-color: #fefefe;
}

.md-task-list-item > input:checked:before,
.md-task-list-item > input[checked]:before{
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}
.md-tag {
	color: inherit;
	font: inherit;
}
#write pre.md-meta-block {
	min-height: 35px;
	padding: 0.5em 1em;
}
#write pre.md-meta-block {
	white-space: pre;
	background: #f8f8f8;
	border: 0px;
	color: #999;
	
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	max-width: calc(100% + 60px);
	margin-left: -30px;
	border-left: 30px #f8f8f8 solid;
	border-right: 30px #f8f8f8 solid;

	margin-bottom: 2em;
	margin-top: -1.3333333333333rem;
	padding-top: 26px;
	padding-bottom: 10px;
	line-height: 1.8em;
	font-size: 0.9em;
	font-size: 0.76em;
	padding-left: 0;
}
.md-img-error.md-image>.md-meta{
	vertical-align: bottom;
}
#write>h5.md-focus:before {
	top: 2px;
}

.md-toc {
	margin-top: 40px;
}

.md-toc-content {
	padding-bottom: 20px;
}

.outline-expander:before {
	color: inherit;
	font-size: 14px;
	top: auto;
	content: "\f0da";
	font-family: FontAwesome;
}

.outline-expander:hover:before,
.outline-item-open>.outline-item>.outline-expander:before {
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}

/** source code mode */
#typora-source {
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}

.html-for-mac #typora-sidebar {
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    box-shadow: 0 6px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, .175);
}

.cm-s-typora-default .cm-header, 
.cm-s-typora-default .cm-property,
.CodeMirror.cm-s-typora-default div.CodeMirror-cursor {
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}

.cm-s-typora-default .cm-atom, .cm-s-typora-default .cm-number {
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.typora-node .file-list-item-parent-loc, 
.typora-node .file-list-item-time, 
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.md-task-list-item>input {
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    margin-top: calc(1rem - 12px);
}

.md-mathjax-midline {
	background: #fafafa;
}

.md-fences .code-tooltip {
	bottom: -2em !important;
}

.dropdown-menu .divider {
	border-color: #e5e5e5;
}


mjx-container[jax="SVG"] {
  direction: ltr;
}

mjx-container[jax="SVG"] > svg {
  overflow: visible;
  min-height: 1px;
  min-width: 1px;
}

mjx-container[jax="SVG"] > svg a {
  fill: blue;
  stroke: blue;
}

mjx-assistive-mml {
  position: absolute !important;
  top: 0px;
  left: 0px;
  clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);
  padding: 1px 0px 0px 0px !important;
  border: 0px !important;
  display: block !important;
  width: auto !important;
  overflow: hidden !important;
  -webkit-touch-callout: none;
  -webkit-user-select: none;
  -khtml-user-select: none;
  -moz-user-select: none;
  -ms-user-select: none;
  user-select: none;
}

mjx-assistive-mml[display="block"] {
  width: 100% !important;
}

mjx-container[jax="SVG"][display="true"] {
  display: block;
  text-align: center;
  margin: 1em 0;
}

mjx-container[jax="SVG"][display="true"][width="full"] {
  display: flex;
}

mjx-container[jax="SVG"][justify="left"] {
  text-align: left;
}

mjx-container[jax="SVG"][justify="right"] {
  text-align: right;
}

g[data-mml-node="merror"] > g {
  fill: red;
  stroke: red;
}

g[data-mml-node="merror"] > rect[data-background] {
  fill: yellow;
  stroke: none;
}

g[data-mml-node="mtable"] > line[data-line], svg[data-table] > g > line[data-line] {
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</style><title>3-5.酸碱指示剂</title>
</head>
<body class='typora-export os-windows'><div class='typora-export-content'>
<div id='write'  class=''><h1 id='3-5酸碱指示剂'><span>3-5.酸碱指示剂</span></h1><h2 id='一酸碱指示剂的作用原理'><span>一、酸碱指示剂的作用原理</span></h2><p><span>有机弱酸或有机弱碱，酸式与共轭碱式具有</span><strong><span>不同结构</span></strong><span>，因而有不同的颜色</span></p><div contenteditable="false" spellcheck="false" class="mathjax-block md-end-block md-math-block md-rawblock" id="mathjax-n4" cid="n4" mdtype="math_block" data-math-tag-before="0" data-math-tag-after="0" data-math-labels="[]"><div class="md-rawblock-container md-math-container" tabindex="-1"><mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" display="true" style="position: relative;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="36.063ex" height="5.146ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -1359.7 15940.1 2274.4" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.069ex;"><defs><path id="MJX-11-TEX-N-70" d="M36 -148H50Q89 -148 97 -134V-126Q97 -119 97 -107T97 -77T98 -38T98 6T98 55T98 106Q98 140 98 177T98 243T98 296T97 335T97 351Q94 370 83 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font-family="serif">转</text></g><g data-mml-node="mtext" transform="translate(7425.6,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">化</text></g><g data-mml-node="mtext" transform="translate(8398,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">为</text></g><g data-mml-node="mtext" transform="translate(9282,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">酸</text></g><g data-mml-node="mtext" transform="translate(10210.2,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">式</text></g></g><g data-mml-node="mspace" transform="translate(11138.4,0)"></g></g></g><g data-mml-node="mpadded" transform="translate(359.4,870.8) scale(0.707)"><g transform="translate(278,-200)"><g data-mml-node="mtext"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">酸</text></g><g 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data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mtext>或</mtext><mtext>碱</mtext><mtext>式</mtext><mtext>得</mtext><mtext>到</mtext><mtext>质</mtext><mtext>子</mtext><mtext>转</mtext><mtext>化</mtext><mtext>为</mtext><mtext>酸</mtext><mtext>式</mtext></mrow><mspace height=".75em"></mspace></mpadded><mpadded width="+0.833em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.2em" height="-.2em"><mtext>酸</mtext><mtext>式</mtext><mtext>失</mtext><mtext>去</mtext><mtext>质</mtext><mtext>子</mtext><mtext>转</mtext><mtext>变</mtext><mtext>为</mtext><mtext>碱</mtext><mtext>式</mtext><mspace depth=".25em"></mspace></mpadded></munderover></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"></mrow><mtext>颜</mtext><mtext>色</mtext><mtext>改</mtext><mtext>变</mtext></mrow></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container></div></div><h4 id='1甲基橙mo-methyl-orange'><span>1.甲基橙(MO, Methyl Orange)</span></h4><p><span>MO为弱碱，碱型指示剂</span></p><div contenteditable="false" spellcheck="false" class="mathjax-block md-end-block md-math-block md-rawblock" id="mathjax-n7" cid="n7" mdtype="math_block" 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mtext>黄</mtext><mtext>色</mtext><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>偶</mtext><mtext>氮</mtext><mtext>式</mtext><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="REL"><munder><mover><mrow data-mjx-texclass="REL"><mover><mrow data-mjx-texclass="OP"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded height="0" depth="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mo stretchy="false">↽</mo></mrow><mstyle scriptlevel="0"><mspace width="-0.167em"></mspace></mstyle><mstyle scriptlevel="0"><mspace width="-0.167em"></mspace></mstyle><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mo>−</mo></mrow></mpadded></mrow></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mo>−</mo></mrow><mstyle scriptlevel="0"><mspace width="-0.167em"></mspace></mstyle><mstyle scriptlevel="0"><mspace width="-0.167em"></mspace></mstyle><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mo stretchy="false">⇀</mo></mrow></mstyle></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi data-mjx-auto-op="false" mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><msup><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded width="0"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded></mrow></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></mover><mpadded height="-0.333em" depth="+0.333em" voffset="-0.333em"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi data-mjx-auto-op="false">OH</mi></mrow><msup><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded width="0"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded></mrow></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></mpadded></munder></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"></mrow><mtext>红</mtext><mtext>色</mtext><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>醌</mtext><mtext>式</mtext><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container></div></div><h4 id='2酚酞pp）'><span>2.酚酞（PP）</span></h4><p><span>PP为弱酸，酸型指示剂，单色指示剂</span></p><div contenteditable="false" spellcheck="false" class="mathjax-block md-end-block md-math-block md-rawblock" id="mathjax-n10" cid="n10" mdtype="math_block" data-math-tag-before="0" data-math-tag-after="0" data-math-labels="[]"><div class="md-rawblock-container md-math-container" tabindex="-1"><mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" display="true" style="position: relative;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="45.873ex" height="6.033ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -1731.2 20275.8 2666.6" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.116ex;"><defs><path id="MJX-13-TEX-N-28" d="M94 250Q94 319 104 381T127 488T164 576T202 643T244 695T277 729T302 750H315H319Q333 750 333 741Q333 738 316 720T275 667T226 581T184 443T167 250T184 58T225 -81T274 -167T316 -220T333 -241Q333 -250 318 -250H315H302L274 -226Q180 -141 137 -14T94 250Z"></path><path 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transform="translate(4897.4,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJX-13-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD" transform="translate(5286.4,0)"></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="REL" transform="translate(5564.2,0)"><g data-mml-node="munder"><g data-mml-node="mover"><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="REL" transform="translate(60.2,0)"><g data-mml-node="mover"><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="OP"><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mpadded"><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mo"><use data-c="21BD" xlink:href="#MJX-13-TEX-N-21BD"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mstyle" transform="translate(1000,0)"><g data-mml-node="mspace"></g></g><g data-mml-node="mstyle" transform="translate(833,0)"><g data-mml-node="mspace"></g></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD" transform="translate(666,0)"><g data-mml-node="mo"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJX-13-TEX-N-2212"></use></g></g></g></g></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" transform="translate(0,200) scale(0.707)" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mstyle" transform="scale(1.414)"><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mo"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJX-13-TEX-N-2212"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mstyle" transform="translate(778,0)"><g data-mml-node="mspace"></g></g><g data-mml-node="mstyle" transform="translate(611,0)"><g data-mml-node="mspace"></g></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD" transform="translate(444,0)"><g data-mml-node="mo"><use data-c="21C0" xlink:href="#MJX-13-TEX-N-21C0"></use></g></g></g></g></g></g><g data-mml-node="mrow" transform="translate(0,1083) scale(0.707)"><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="4F" xlink:href="#MJX-13-TEX-N-4F"></use><use data-c="48" xlink:href="#MJX-13-TEX-N-48" transform="translate(778,0)"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(1528,0)"><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mpadded"><g data-mml-node="mphantom"></g></g></g></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" transform="translate(84.2,363) scale(0.707)" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mo"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJX-13-TEX-N-2212"></use></g></g></g></g></g><g data-mml-node="mpadded" transform="translate(275.1,-600) scale(0.707)"><g transform="translate(0,-333)"><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="48" xlink:href="#MJX-13-TEX-N-48"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(750,0)"><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mpadded"><g data-mml-node="mphantom"></g></g></g></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" transform="translate(84.2,289) scale(0.707)" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mo"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJX-13-TEX-N-2B"></use></g></g></g></g></g></g></g></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD" transform="translate(7406.3,0)"></g><g data-mml-node="mtext" transform="translate(7406.3,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">红</text></g><g data-mml-node="mtext" transform="translate(8334.5,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">色</text></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(9262.7,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJX-13-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mtext" transform="translate(9651.7,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">醌</text></g><g data-mml-node="mtext" transform="translate(10579.9,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">式</text></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(11508.1,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJX-13-TEX-N-29"></use></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD" transform="translate(11897.1,0)"></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="REL" transform="translate(12174.9,0)"><g data-mml-node="mover"><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="REL" transform="translate(60.2,0)"><g data-mml-node="mover"><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="OP"><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mpadded"><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mo"><use data-c="21BD" xlink:href="#MJX-13-TEX-N-21BD"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mstyle" transform="translate(1000,0)"><g data-mml-node="mspace"></g></g><g data-mml-node="mstyle" transform="translate(833,0)"><g data-mml-node="mspace"></g></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD" transform="translate(666,0)"><g data-mml-node="mo"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJX-13-TEX-N-2212"></use></g></g></g></g></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" transform="translate(0,200) scale(0.707)" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mstyle" transform="scale(1.414)"><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mo"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJX-13-TEX-N-2212"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mstyle" transform="translate(778,0)"><g data-mml-node="mspace"></g></g><g data-mml-node="mstyle" transform="translate(611,0)"><g data-mml-node="mspace"></g></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD" transform="translate(444,0)"><g data-mml-node="mo"><use data-c="21C0" xlink:href="#MJX-13-TEX-N-21C0"></use></g></g></g></g></g></g><g data-mml-node="mrow" transform="translate(0,1083) scale(0.707)"><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="4F" xlink:href="#MJX-13-TEX-N-4F"></use><use data-c="48" xlink:href="#MJX-13-TEX-N-48" transform="translate(778,0)"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="msup" transform="translate(1528,0)"><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mpadded"><g data-mml-node="mphantom"></g></g></g></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" transform="translate(84.2,363) scale(0.707)" data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><g data-mml-node="mo"><use data-c="2212" xlink:href="#MJX-13-TEX-N-2212"></use></g></g></g></g></g></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD" transform="translate(14017,0)"></g><g data-mml-node="mtext" transform="translate(14017,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">无</text></g><g data-mml-node="mtext" transform="translate(14901,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">色</text></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(15829.2,0)"><use data-c="28" xlink:href="#MJX-13-TEX-N-28"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mtext" transform="translate(16218.2,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">羧</text></g><g data-mml-node="mtext" transform="translate(17146.4,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">酸</text></g><g data-mml-node="mtext" transform="translate(18074.6,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">盐</text></g><g data-mml-node="mtext" transform="translate(18958.6,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">式</text></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(19886.8,0)"><use data-c="29" xlink:href="#MJX-13-TEX-N-29"></use></g></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="block"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mtext>无</mtext><mtext>色</mtext><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>内</mtext><mtext>酯</mtext><mtext>式</mtext><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="REL"><munder><mover><mrow data-mjx-texclass="REL"><mover><mrow data-mjx-texclass="OP"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded height="0" depth="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mo stretchy="false">↽</mo></mrow><mstyle scriptlevel="0"><mspace width="-0.167em"></mspace></mstyle><mstyle scriptlevel="0"><mspace width="-0.167em"></mspace></mstyle><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mo>−</mo></mrow></mpadded></mrow></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mo>−</mo></mrow><mstyle scriptlevel="0"><mspace width="-0.167em"></mspace></mstyle><mstyle scriptlevel="0"><mspace width="-0.167em"></mspace></mstyle><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mo stretchy="false">⇀</mo></mrow></mstyle></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi data-mjx-auto-op="false">OH</mi></mrow><msup><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded width="0"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded></mrow></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></mover><mpadded height="-0.333em" depth="+0.333em" voffset="-0.333em"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi data-mjx-auto-op="false" mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><msup><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded width="0"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded></mrow></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></mpadded></munder></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"></mrow><mtext>红</mtext><mtext>色</mtext><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>醌</mtext><mtext>式</mtext><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="REL"><mover><mrow data-mjx-texclass="REL"><mover><mrow data-mjx-texclass="OP"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded height="0" depth="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mo stretchy="false">↽</mo></mrow><mstyle scriptlevel="0"><mspace 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stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container></div></div><h2 id='二酸碱指示剂的变色点及变色范围'><span>二、酸碱指示剂的变色点及变色范围</span></h2><p><span>酸型：</span><mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" style="position: relative;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="3.771ex" height="1.545ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -683 1667 683" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: 0px;"><defs><path id="MJX-23-TEX-N-48" d="M128 622Q121 629 117 631T101 634T58 637H25V683H36Q57 680 180 680Q315 680 324 683H335V637H302Q262 636 251 634T233 622L232 500V378H517V622Q510 629 506 631T490 634T447 637H414V683H425Q446 680 569 680Q704 680 713 683H724V637H691Q651 636 640 634T622 622V61Q628 51 639 49T691 46H724V0H713Q692 3 569 3Q434 3 425 0H414V46H447Q489 47 498 49T517 61V332H232V197L233 61Q239 51 250 49T302 46H335V0H324Q303 3 180 3Q45 3 36 0H25V46H58Q100 47 109 49T128 61V622Z"></path><path id="MJX-23-TEX-N-49" d="M328 0Q307 3 180 3T32 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200Q379 335 378 343Q372 371 358 385T334 402T308 404Q263 404 229 370Q202 343 195 315T187 232V168V108Q187 78 188 68T191 55T200 49Q221 46 249 46H265V0H257L234 1Q210 2 183 2T145 3Q42 3 33 0H25V46H41Z"></path><path id="MJX-14-TEX-N-2212" d="M84 237T84 250T98 270H679Q694 262 694 250T679 230H98Q84 237 84 250Z"></path></defs><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mtext"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">平</text></g><g data-mml-node="mtext" transform="translate(884,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">衡</text></g><g data-mml-node="mtext" transform="translate(1856.4,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">时</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2740.4,0)"><text data-variant="italic" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" 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data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mo>=</mo></mrow><mi>p</mi><mstyle scriptlevel="0"><mspace width="0.167em"></mspace></mstyle><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi data-mjx-auto-op="false" mathvariant="normal">K</mi></mrow><msub><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded width="0"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded></mrow></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded height="0"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi data-mjx-auto-op="false">HIn</mi></mrow></mpadded></mrow></mrow></msub><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mo>−</mo></mrow><mn>0.5</mn><mstyle scriptlevel="0"><mspace width="0.167em"></mspace></mstyle><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mi data-mjx-auto-op="false" mathvariant="normal">Z</mi></mrow><msup><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mpadded width="0"><mphantom><mi>X</mi></mphantom></mpadded></mrow></mrow><mrow data-mjx-texclass="ORD"><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><msqrt><mi>I</mi></msqrt></mrow></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container></div></div><h4 id='3温度'><span>3.温度</span></h4><h4 id='4溶剂'><span>4.溶剂</span></h4><p>&nbsp;</p><h2 id='四混合指示剂'><span>四、混合指示剂</span></h2><h4 id='a利用颜色之间的互补原理使终点时颜色变化敏锐变色范围变窄1'><span>a.利用颜色之间的互补原理，使终点时颜色变化敏锐，变色范围变窄</span><strong><span>1</span></strong></h4><p><strong><span>例：</span></strong></p><blockquote><p><span>甲酚红(pH 7.2~ 8.8，黄~紫)</span></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><span>百里酚兰(pH 8.0 ~ 9.6, 黄~蓝)</span></p></blockquote><p><strong><span>按1:3混合：</span></strong></p><blockquote><p><span>变色范围pH8.2（粉红）~8.4（紫）</span></p></blockquote><h4 id='b由指示剂和惰性染料组成'><span>b.由指示剂和惰性染料组成</span></h4><p><strong><span>例：</span></strong></p><blockquote><p><span>甲基橙(pH 3.1 ~ 4.4，红~黄)与靛兰磺酸钠（兰色）混合</span></p></blockquote><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p></div></div>
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